Published on August 27, 2026
In our previous blog post, “Behavior is Communication,” we highlighted how behavior often signals unmet needs. In this post, let’s explore how the behavior of an individual with dementia can be a call for help to resolve problems they can no longer express verbally.
When most people think of dementia, memory loss is the first symptom that comes to mind. However, the behavioral changes are often the most challenging aspects of the condition. Recognizing that these behaviors are symptoms of brain degeneration—rather than intentional actions—helps caregivers respond with empathy rather than frustration.
Triggers of Behavioral Changes in Dementia
Due to dementia, individuals gradually lose the ability to express physical discomfort or emotional distress, exhibiting behavioral changes instead. These changes are commonly triggered by:
- Physical discomfort which could be due to pain, infections, electrolyte imbalances, constipation, or urinary retention, among other medical issues.
- The immediate environment such as loud televisions, harsh lighting, or unfamiliar surroundings.
- Psychological factors such as frustration, fear, boredom, or a perceived loss of autonomy.
Symptoms of Behavioral Changes in Dementia
When exposed to these triggers, a person may exhibit behaviors such as:
- Persistent low mood, tearfulness, anxiety, or loss of motivation.
- Pacing, restlessness, verbal aggression, or resistance to personal care (such as bathing or dressing).
- Persecutory delusions (e.g., believing caregivers are stealing belongings or that a spouse is an impostor) and hallucinations (commonly visual).
- Late-afternoon confusion, restlessness, and agitation.
Caregivers must look beyond the surface behavior, identify underlying triggers by observing subtle signs of pain or distress, and ensure the individual is as comfortable as possible. Persistent or distressing symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Reference:
Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 73. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00073
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